Club foot surgery, visual impairment treatment, wheel chairs,

Physiotherapy, Occupational therapy, Prosthetic & Orthotic, and speech & language services are provided in my country, however urban areas receive most of the services than rural, most of rural areas receive non of the services because of lack of human resource.

physiotherapy, orthotic and prosthetics, community based rehabilitation, physical and rehabilitation medical consultation, club foot programs…

Physiotherapy, occupational therapy, orthopedic technology, ear nose and throat clinics, eye clinics and mental health services are all available in my county. However, most of theses services are mainly available in urban areas, whereas most people with disabling conditions are in the rural areas. There is a huge percentage of unmet need for rehabilitation in my county,

Audiology, Pain clinic, psychology, phonoaudiology/language therapy, physical and occupational therapy, optometry, orthopedics, low vision.

Physical and rehabilitation medical consultation, Physiotherapy, Occupational therapy, recently Prosthetis; Orthotic are provided in my country, however urban areas receive most of the services than rural, most of rural areas receive non of the services because of lack of human resource.

• This reply was modified 6 months, 3 weeks ago by [email protected].

physical and rehabilitation medical consultation, Physiotherapy, Occupational therapy, recently Prosthetic & Orthotic are provided in my country, however urban areas receive most of the services than rural, most of rural areas receive non of the services because of lack of human resource.

About rehabilitation care and services Primary and referral included in health insurance of Mongolia.

in tanzania we have physiotherapy,prothetic also in urban there more expert ,resources and hence more people get this service in town ..we also have occupational therapy,speech therapy.

In Uganda services offered in public facilities include and Orthotics , physiotherapy, occupational therapy, Eye care, Club foot care, ENT while other rehabilitation services like Speech and language services have been in only private facilities but with the approved new public service health human resource structure these professionals will be recruited and these services will be provide in public facilities.

There is no clear hierarchy and integration of rehabilitation services in the health sector. There are CBRs in a few places and at the District Hospital, and Regional Referral Hospital and Tertiary Hospitals (National Hospitals). Despite of having these services, there is a lack of trained personnel (Few OTs, PTs, PNOs, and Speech Therapist).

Some of the rehabilitation approaches we use here in Bhutan are institute based and community based rehabilitation. From department of physiotherapy, the services provided related to rehabilitation encompasses issuing Wheelchair services and walking aids. In districts a community based rehabilitation covers and facilitates the peoples with physical difficulties stranded at homes. An occupational therapy services are available at national referral and regional referral hospitals. Only one orthosis and prothesis center in the entire country.

Even an eye surgery and ENT related surgeries camp happens here with the expertise from the ex-countries.

Services offered in my Country Uganda include, physiotherapy, counselling, eye care, club foot, orthopedics, ENT. Some of these services have costs attached to due to limited Human resource, funding and equipments , for example a chiropractic service is almost not known yet very vital in rehabilitation.

Rehabilitation Services in Uganda’s Healthcare System
Introduction: Rehabilitation services play a crucial role in improving the lives of individuals with disabilities and special needs. My desktop research aimed to explore and determine rehabilitation services included in Uganda’s healthcare coverage.
Rehabilitation Services offered in Uganda’s healthcare system;
Physical Therapy
Occupational therapy
Speech Therapy
Audiology, etc.
The extent of rehabilitation services covered varies depending on the specific plan and coverage level;
For Insurance schemes, they provide basic coverage for essential rehabilitation services, including physical therapy, occupational therapy, and some speech therapy. And, Community-Based Rehabilitation (CBR) program provides free rehabilitation services to disabled individuals in rural areas. However, the private sector offers more comprehensive coverage for rehabilitation services, including access to specialized therapists and facilities.

In conclusion, rehabilitation services play a vital role in improving the quality of life for individuals with disabilities and special needs. While Uganda’s healthcare system includes a range of such services, the availability, accessibility, and quality vary. Addressing the challenges and leveraging the opportunities will ensure equitable access to comprehensive and high-quality rehabilitation services for all Ugandans. This will not only improve the lives of individuals but also contribute to a more inclusive and equitable society.

The Zambian public health system, the primary provider of healthcare country-wide, has three main levels: Level 1 includes district hospitals, health centres and health posts; Level 2 has provincial or general hospitals; and Level 3 includes referral hospital. Depending on the leaves different health care services are provided, physiotherapy eht and t ophthalmology surgery speech therapy occupational therapy.

in Zambia these are some of the services that are being offered Physiotherapy, occupational therapy, orthopedic technology, ear nose and throat clinics, eye clinics and mental health services are all available in my county. There is a good number of unmet need for rehabilitation in my county, hence it’s an area that really has to be worked on.

What rehabilitation services are included in health care coverage in Nepal?

1. Rehabilitation services are included in National documents for the health care coverage.

Following National Guiding Documents aligned based on the Constitution of Nepal 2015 have identified Rehabilitation services in the Healthcare system:
– The Public Health Act 2018
– The Act relating to right of Persons with Disabilities 2017
– National Health Policy 2019
– National Health Sector Strategy 2023 – 2030
– National Financial Strategy 2023 – 2033 has identified

2. Financing in Rehabilitation services for the health care coverage.
– The National Health Insurance (NHI)of Nepal has included rehabilitation services including 21 assistive products based on Nepal’s Priority Assistive Product list. But, the large number of service providers are Private practitioners which leads to Out of pocket spending and catastrophic financial hardship.

– Governments have provided Conditional Grants to provide rehabilitation services through Public Private partnership model.

– Inclusion of few rehabilitation services in the basic health package provided at the Primary health care level of Nepal.

– Tax-based financing, exemption of Tax for assistive products for Persons with disabilities.

3. Functioning-based indicators included for Population level survey e.g. National Demographic Health Survey 2022.

4. Service utilization data collection of rehabilitation services through DHIS 2: Health monitoring and information services (HMIS) platform.

5. Service delivery of rehabilitation services through all levels of the health care system. Even service delivery from Primary health care has been initiated at local levels.

6. Human resources distribution is uneven with large number of services delivered from the urban parts.

At my district hospital as a focal person of DHIS2 the service we have for our client is only physiotherapy services with few or sometimes no client at all.
It happens while ago some of the client were attending the clinic due to fellow clients appear at the clinic with the tools for massaging and but the situation is different somehow to region hospital there is little improvement of the service like occupational therapy and for the national hospital there are numbers of service but most of clients can’t access the service due to social ecological factor despite the fact that the number of clients who are in need of rehab service is higher and the majority are home than who attend the clinic.

In Cambodia, rehabilitation service is mostly assistive technology. Physiotherapy service is available at the 11 rehabilitation centers countrywide. However, they only provide conjunction service to service users who are expected to get/use a device. We do not have speech therapy, occupational therapy, medical rehabilitation, and psycho-social service (although rehabilitation functioning regulation does include social service). We only have one spinal cord injury center for the whole country, and is not well function due to many issues including fund, professionals, tools and equipment, etc. In health settings mainly at national and provincial hospitals, we do have physiotherapy unit or service. However, some do not provide or provide limited service to both IPD and OPD patients. Private clinics and hospital are also contribute to provide physiotherapy service, but only a few.

Rehabilitation in Tanzania:

There has been a gradual expansion of rehab in health services, with rehabilitation departments and expertise present in national and zonal hospitals and an increasing number of regional hospitals. However, rehab services are still really lacking in district hospitals and primary health care facilities as well as in the communities such as homes, schools and work places. The barriers to access are worse for rural and remote communities. Lack of established referral pathways between levels of the health care system as well as as shortage in rehabilitation workforce further impedes barrier to access to rehab services.

The National Health Insurance Fund covers physiotherapy and rehabilitation services to inpatients and outpatients where the facility has specialists for the related services. However, only 5% of the population in Tanzania are covered through the national health insurance as per the rATA survey. Provision of ATs is also limited as part of the national health insurance schemes. For example, eye glasses are only given to the principle member, hearing aids are not provided and there is no mention of mobility aids that are provided as part of the minimum benefits package.

To be very honest, rehabilitation services coverage is very complicated in the United States. Where you live and what insurance you have influence coverage of care. Furthermore, coverage in the United States has many qualifiers – meaning, a patient can be a good candidate for inpatient rehab services, including physical, occupation and speech therapy, but only if they have rehab goals that can be met in a short time frame. Further complicating the matter – health care providers may charge more for services than insurance companies allow, leaving patients with bills.

In Nigeria, the National Health Insurance Authority (NHIA) includes various rehabilitation services to improve the quality of life for individuals with disabilities or those recovering from illness or injury. The specific rehabilitation services covered depend on the insurance plan and insurance provider, but generally include:

Physiotherapy: Services to help restore movement and function when someone is affected by injury, illness, or disability. This can include exercises, manual therapy, and other treatments.

Occupational Therapy: Services to help people of all ages do what they want and need to do through the therapeutic use of daily activities (occupations).

Speech and Language Therapy: Services to support individuals with speech, language, communication, and swallowing disorders.

Psychological and Psychiatric Services: Services to support mental health rehabilitation, including counseling, therapy, and psychiatric treatment.

Prosthetics and Orthotics: Services to provide artificial limbs (prostheses) and devices to support or correct the function of a limb or the torso (orthotics).

Chiropractic Services: Services focused on the diagnosis and treatment of mechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal system, especially the spine.

Audiology Services: Services to diagnose and treat hearing and balance disorders.

Pulmonary Rehabilitation: A program to help people with COPD improve their breathing and overall quality of life.

Pain Management Services: Treatments and therapies aimed at reducing chronic pain and improving quality of life.

However, some critical maternal conditions that require rehabilitation are not included in the services offered by the NHIA. An example is rehabilitation services for women post vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) repair surgery.

In Tanzania, rehabilitation services covered under health care primarily focus on essential interventions to improve functionality and reduce disability, as part of the Universal Health Coverage (UHC) initiatives detailed in the Universal Health Coverage Bill of 2022.
These services include physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech and language therapy, psychological therapy, prosthetics and orthotics, cardiac rehabilitation, and community-based rehabilitation.
The National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) and the Community Health Fund (CHF) are the main public health insurance schemes covering these services. The Tanzanian government is enhancing these services through policies to ensure broader access and integration into the healthcare system​