[Hoeung HEAM “[email protected]”]

In Cambodia, although it was new, we tried telerehab during the Covid 19 pandemic. I did help during the lock down time in particular for service users who need therapy and education on how to use artificial limbs and ATs. Learning from that Telerahab is useful for many ways, and I personally support the approach. If it is properly test and trial in one context that would be very Benefield for it feasibility and adjustability. Understanding the availability of smart phone with cheap cost, and most people has one, Telerehab available in SMS, written, photo, graphic, sound, and video. This is good for the fact that we also have health volunteers who can help follow or working with users in their village (second smallest admirative area in the system). Two drawback are limit internet access in rural community, and the illiterates population including service users are still quite high compare to our neigboring countries. Therefore telehab experts have to carefully design tool and materials for it in a useable and accessible way.

Regarding stakeholders, as said at the community we have volunteers to support the telerehab intervention. At national level, there should be the line ministries and donors who should be able to help putting in place policy, guideline, and promoting activities like training. Research also help to inform how effective the intervention thus provide evidence for improvement and re-test.National level also can initiate mass media to inform population and service providers how the usefulness of telerhab and the effetive ness.

[Hoeung HEAM “[email protected]”]

This is just another test

In the bustling city, the neon lights flickered as crowds shuffled through narrow alleys filled with the aroma of sizzling street food. Shadows danced across weathered brick walls adorned with graffiti that told stories of rebellion and hope. At the heart of this vibrant chaos, a lone street performer played a haunting melody on a weather-beaten violin, captivating passersby with each melancholic note that echoed into the night.

Meanwhile, high above the city skyline, a flock of migrating birds painted the twilight sky with their graceful arcs, a fleeting glimpse of nature’s beauty amidst urban sprawl. The distant hum of traffic merged with the rhythmic pulse of a distant nightclub, where revelers danced beneath swirling lights that painted their faces in kaleidoscopic hues.

Down by the riverbank, where the water whispered secrets to the moonlit stones, an elderly fisherman cast his line into the gentle current, his weathered hands steady with the wisdom of countless tides. The river flowed onward, carrying memories of ancient tales whispered by generations past, etched into the very fabric of its rippling currents.

In a cozy bookstore tucked away on a quiet street corner, the scent of old paper mingled with freshly ground coffee as patrons lost themselves among shelves stacked with literary treasures. Each book held a promise of adventure, knowledge, or solace, waiting to be discovered by curious minds seeking refuge from the frenetic pace of the outside world.

At the edge of town, where sprawling meadows kissed the horizon, a solitary figure stood beneath the sprawling branches of an ancient oak tree, its gnarled roots embracing the earth like an ancient guardian. The wind whispered through the leaves, carrying fragments of dreams and aspirations that soared on the wings of imagination.

In the realm of dreams, where reality intertwined with fantasy, mythical creatures danced in moonlit glades while stars painted constellations across the velvet sky. Time flowed like a river, bending and twisting through the labyrinth of human consciousness, weaving tales of love and loss, courage and redemption.

Back in the city, hidden within the labyrinthine corridors of a forgotten subway station, graffiti artists transformed concrete walls into vibrant canvases that spoke of rebellion and unity. Each spray-painted masterpiece told a story of defiance against conformity, a testament to the power of creativity to transcend boundaries and ignite collective imagination.

As day turned to night and the city’s heartbeat slowed to a gentle rhythm, a sense of quiet wonder settled over the streets. In the spaces between moments, where silence met the symphony of urban life, echoes of laughter, whispered confessions, and unspoken dreams lingered like whispers on the edge of perception.

And so, in this tapestry of fleeting moments and timeless echoes, life unfolded in all its complexity and beauty, a mosaic of experiences woven together by threads of joy and sorrow, hope and resilience. Each fragment of existence held a story waiting to be told, a chapter in the ever-evolving narrative of humanity’s journey through the kaleidoscope of existence.

[Hoeung HEAM “[email protected]”]

Testing:

[Hoeung HEAM “[email protected]”]

Current Work:
Considering the longstanding governance of rehabilitation by the Ministry of Social Affairs Veterans and Youth Rehabilitation (MoSVY) since the 1990s, the government issued a directive in 2022 to transfer these services to the Ministry of Health (MoH). The directive tasked the two ministries with discussing and deciding which aspects of rehabilitation to transfer. However, nearly two years have passed without consensus or finalization, indicating MoSVY’s reluctance to cede control to MoH. Civil society organizations are actively engaging stakeholders to urge both ministries to expedite their decisions and actions.

Numerous consultative workshops and analyses have been conducted to outline the opportunities and priorities for transferring rehabilitation services within the country, guided by the WHO’s Framework for Action. A proposed initial step involves initiating a pilot project that includes three of the eleven rehabilitation centers located within provincial hospitals, transitioning them from MoSVY to MoH oversight.

To be aligned with the WHO’s Call For Action, the following should be done:

Building strong leadership and increasing political support for rehabilitation in my country can be achieved through various strategies. Firstly, it is crucial to engage with key stakeholders, including government officials, policymakers, healthcare professionals, and civil society organizations, to raise awareness about the importance of rehabilitation and its impact on individuals and society as a whole. This can be done through advocacy campaigns, policy dialogues, and educational initiatives.

Additionally, creating a multi-sectoral task force or committee dedicated to rehabilitation services can help coordinate efforts, set priorities, and drive forward the agenda for improving rehabilitation services. This task force can work closely with the Ministry of Health and other relevant ministries to ensure a coordinated and collaborative approach to the transfer of rehabilitation services.

Furthermore, investing in capacity building and training programs for healthcare professionals in the field of rehabilitation can help build a skilled workforce and ensure high-quality services are provided to those in need. This can also help demonstrate the value of rehabilitation services and garner support from political leaders and decision-makers.

Overall, building strong leadership and increasing political support for rehabilitation in my country will require a concerted effort from all stakeholders, and a commitment to prioritizing rehabilitation as an essential component of the healthcare system.

[Hoeung HEAM “[email protected]”]

Vision and Mission of the Ministry of Health and the Health Service Department of Cambodia:

1) Ministry of Health, Cambodia:

1.1) Vision: To ensure the health, well-being, and quality of life of all people in Cambodia.

The Ministry of Health’s vision has evolved to address Cambodia’s changing healthcare landscape. Initially focused on basic healthcare provision and disease prevention, the vision has expanded to include broader healthcare goals such as improving healthcare access, enhancing healthcare infrastructure, and combating emerging health challenges like non-communicable diseases and healthcare disparities across regions. The ministry’s strategic plans and policies now emphasize a holistic approach to healthcare that integrates preventive measures, treatment, and public health education.

1.2) Mission: To ensure the provision of equitable, accessible, and quality health services to improve the health and well-being of all Cambodians, with a focus on preventive measures, treatment, and health promotion.

The Ministry of Health of Cambodia is dedicated to overseeing and coordinating the health sector, aiming to provide comprehensive healthcare services across the country. Its mission emphasizes equitable access to healthcare, focusing on preventive measures to reduce disease burden, providing effective treatment options, and promoting public health initiatives to enhance overall well-being.

2) Department of Health Service, Cambodia:

2.1) Vision: To be a leading provider of accessible, equitable, and quality health services for all Cambodians.

The Department of Health Service’s vision has evolved in response to increasing demands for healthcare services and advancements in healthcare delivery. Initially focused on providing basic health services to the population, the vision has expanded to include goals such as enhancing healthcare infrastructure, strengthening healthcare management systems, and improving the quality and efficiency of healthcare delivery. The department now emphasizes equitable access to healthcare services, regardless of socioeconomic status or geographic location, and aims to integrate technology and innovation to enhance healthcare accessibility and quality nationwide.
Department of Health Service, Cambodia:

2.2) Mission: To deliver accessible and responsive health services through effective planning, regulation, and implementation, ensuring the highest standards of healthcare for all Cambodians.

The Department of Health Service plays a critical role in managing and delivering healthcare services at the operational level. Its mission centers on ensuring that healthcare services are accessible to all citizens, maintaining high standards of service delivery through effective planning and regulation, and responding promptly to healthcare needs across different regions of Cambodia.

[Hoeung HEAM “[email protected]”]

Using the assessment tool from the course, I would rate my emotional intelligence as below:

1) Self-awareness: I rate myself a 3. I recognize my emotions and understand their impact on my behavior and performance about half the time. To improve, I plan to practice mindfulness or journaling regularly to enhance my self-awareness consistently.
2) Managing emotions: I also rate myself a 3. I can usually stay focused and think clearly during emotional situations about half the time. To strengthen this skill, I’ll try techniques like deep breathing or taking short breaks to manage my emotions more effectively.
3) Motivating oneself: I rate myself a 4. I often use my emotions to drive and guide myself towards goals. This indicates a strong ability to maintain motivation and perseverance in the face of obstacles, which is beneficial for achieving long-term objectives.
4) Empathy: I rate myself a 3. I have the ability to sense and understand the emotions of others about half the time. To develop my empathy further, I’ll actively listen to others without judgment and practice putting myself in their shoes during interactions.
5) Social skill: I rate myself a 4. I am adept at managing and influencing emotions in relationships and can inspire others. This strength in social skills is crucial for successful teamwork and leadership.

With these results, here are my following plan:
1) I will reflect on my results to understand my strengths and areas for improvement in emotional intelligence.
2) I plan to take immediate action by focusing on one or two areas, such as practicing self-reflection techniques for self-awareness or actively seeking to understand others’ perspectives for empathy.
3) I will regularly reassess my emotional intelligence to track progress and continue growing in these competencies.

By focusing on incremental improvements, I believe I can enhance my overall emotional intelligence and strengthen my effectiveness in personal and professional relationships.

[Hoeung HEAM “[email protected]”]

Most would agree that leadership should be born, and this is the favor of nature that a leader is given by god. Why? A born-with leadership often refers to innate qualities that some individuals naturally possess, which can contribute significantly to their effectiveness as leaders. Here are some benefits of born-with leadership:

Instinctive Decision-Making: Natural leaders often have a strong instinct for making decisions quickly and confidently, which can be crucial in fast-paced or high-stakes situations.

Charismatic Influence: They possess charisma and charm that naturally attracts and motivates others, making it easier to inspire and rally teams around common goals.

Intuitive Empathy: They tend to have an innate ability to empathize with others, understanding their perspectives and emotions, which fosters strong interpersonal relationships.

Visionary Thinking: Born leaders often have a visionary outlook, seeing opportunities and solutions that others may overlook, and inspiring others to work towards a compelling future.

Natural Confidence: They exude confidence and assertiveness, which can instill trust and respect among their peers and followers.

While born-with leadership can offer distinct advantages, it’s important to note that leadership skills can also be developed and honed through education, experience, and deliberate practice. Many effective leaders combine innate qualities with learned skills to achieve their fullest potential.

However, we can be trained to be a good leader. So, leadership, can indeed be trained. Effective leadership skills such as communication, decision-making, and empathy can be developed through education, mentorship, and practice. Training programs offer insights into diverse leadership styles and strategies, fostering adaptability and resilience. Through feedback and real-world experience, individuals can hone their abilities to inspire and guide others. Ultimately, by cultivating self-awareness and learning from both successes and failures, aspiring leaders can continuously evolve and improve their leadership capabilities.

Some ague that if trained, leadership should be trained earlier in a program to be carried out. Teaching leadership early in a program or portfolio is crucial for several reasons. Firstly, it establishes a strong foundation of essential skills like communication, teamwork, and problem-solving from the outset. This early training nurtures confidence and competence in future leaders, ensuring they can effectively manage projects and inspire teams. Moreover, starting early allows ample time for practice and refinement of leadership techniques, preparing individuals to handle increasingly complex responsibilities as they progress in their careers. Ultimately, early leadership education cultivates a proactive mindset and prepares individuals to make meaningful contributions to their organizations and communities.

[Hoeung HEAM “[email protected]”]

Totally agree. Teaching leadership early in a program or portfolio is crucial for several reasons. Firstly, it establishes a strong foundation of essential skills like communication, teamwork, and problem-solving from the outset. This early training nurtures confidence and competence in future leaders, ensuring they can effectively manage projects and inspire teams. Moreover, starting early allows ample time for practice and refinement of leadership techniques, preparing individuals to handle increasingly complex responsibilities as they progress in their careers. Ultimately, early leadership education cultivates a proactive mindset and prepares individuals to make meaningful contributions to their organizations and communities.

[Hoeung HEAM “[email protected]”]

1) In Cambodia, there are three INGO are working in rehibition service: HI, ICRC, and Exceed World Wide. In addition, Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI) and HI, is running a 5-year program to support AT in the country.

2) Officially, Cambodia is not using the WHO Guide to Action for its rehabilitation policy and service delivery. However, there are some initiatives for using it developing rehabilitation guidelines under development partner support. Meanwhile, the Ministry of Health (MoH) is considering to use the Guide for developing its rehabilitation policies and service guidelines. While government directive is to handover the rehabilitation to the ministry from the Ministry of Social Affairs, it is remained to be seen because the transition have not happen yet.

3) In Cambodia, rehabilitation service is limited, in particular, after some INGOs have not able to continue their support rehabilitation sector in the country. This leads to many people in particular children, women and elderly with disability cannot access to rehabilitation service. For example, last year I conducted a research on caring for children with disability, and many of the moderate to severe children with disability do not have a wheelchair or seating device for their daily life, caring, and preventing more complications.

[Hoeung HEAM “[email protected]”]

In Cambodia, there is no data on prevalence on chronic conditions, except back pain consists of 1.2M out of 16M population. However, WHO 2019 report indicates that among the NDCs, four of them including cancer, diabetes, heart condition and respiratory disease account for 2/3 of all death in the country. Regarding disability, the Cambodia Demographic Health Survey 2021-2022 found that around 24% of population live with one or more disability.

Road accident injuries report by government in 2023 was 4380 people.

[Hoeung HEAM “[email protected]”]

In Cambodia, there is no data on prevalence on chronic conditions, except back pain consists of 1.2M out of 16M population. However, WHO 2019 report indicates that among the NDCs, four of them including cancer, diabetes, heart condition and respiratory disease account for 2/3 of all death in the country. Regarding disability, the Cambodia Demographic Health Survey 2021-2022 found that around 24% of population live with one or more disability.

Road accident injuries report by government in 2023 was 4380 people.

[Hoeung HEAM “[email protected]”]

1) In Cambodia, in all aspects of society the moral model dominates other two. Medical model are perceived and used by medical professionals and formal sector including regulator responsible for disability. However, civil society orgnisaitons and professional working for disability are using the social model. In short, this latest model is predominantly among advocators and developmental partners.

2) When I see a person with impairment, I would not call or count them a person with a disability. I am working in disability sector for more than two decades thus I do not jump to a conclusion that everyone with a disability is a person with disability. I am promoting the social model for disability because this one will help a person be as independent as possible in all aspects including health, rehabilitation,… socioeconomics and politics. Even my physiotherapy service also for the ultimate goal of social model for a person/client.

[Hoeung HEAM “[email protected]”]

In Cambodia, rehabilitation service use interdisciplinary model in physical rehabilitation centers. There are three technical groups work there including physiotherapists, prosthetists & orthotists, and social workers (usually not high education graduates). Regarding locations in hospitals in Cambodia, rehabilitation take place in some all national hospitals (4) and most of the provincial level hospitals (25). Usually, the service is for OPD patients. However, some rehabilitation is also provide in IPD of different wards or departments. Only physiotherapy service is available. One national hospital and an NGO supporting service provide speech therapy.

To help reduce environmental barriers, in Cambodia, a regulation on accessible building has been adopted. However, the enforcement for implementation is not going well as we can see that many new building including government buildings are not accessible. There are some initiation under NGOs supporting fund to build ramps and rails to buildings of health settings like hospital and health centers. Regarding social barriers like behaviors, stigmatization, and belief, there are not clear-cut of a stance alone regulation. However, some laws and regulations in relation to Human and Disability Rights do indicate this area.

[Hoeung HEAM “[email protected]”]

Based on the given site, there is data on all type of chronic conditions. However, back pain account for 1.4M (out of 16pop). Based on WHO Cambodia report 2019, 4 NDCs (cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes and chronic respiratory disease) cause 2/3 of all death in the country.

Cambodia Demographic Heath Survey 2021-2022 found disability prevalence is around 25%.

Road accident injuries is 12 daily or 4380 in 2023. However, death is 1980 in the same year. This is government report and is tended to be under report.

• This reply was modified 4 months ago by Hoeung HEAM "[email protected]".

[Hoeung HEAM “[email protected]”]

In Cambodia. the three model are currently used.
1) Moral model is used only it is build from our sociocultural but also political. For example, people accept the reality that someone using a wheelchair cannot do good work thus they cannot make income for themselves, thus giving them money, food, and material is good thing to do. However, the medical model is commonly see or hear among people including medical team. The most obvious is that government guideline on identification of disability define disability in a medical way. Currently, with more than a decade of civil society advocacy, the government now start to define disability in a social model by issuing the latest guideline for disability identification using washing town group together with ICF. Right based is commonly heard from civil society agencies/NGOs.

2) As a person involved in rehabilitation and disability for more than two decades as well as the experience working with INGOs, I am understanding the social and right based definition of disability. I know what is impairment and what is disability in reference to ICF. Therefore, I do not use the work disability interchange with impairment. In term of disability models, my daily and professional life is inline with this model. Of course, in term of support, as a person in a society with many deep in spiritual, sometimes, I have to be flexible in my interaction. However, as a physiotherapist, my service to public users will always clear about medical and social model, and the latter is also way the ultimate goal.

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